Course information contained within the Bulletin is accurate at the time of publication in June 2026 but is subject to change. For the most up-to-date course information, please refer to the Course Catalog.
CJ 8101. Decision Making in Criminal Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
Core Course. Conceptualizes criminal justice as a series of interrelated decision stages. Examines organizational, legal and research issues related to each decision stage.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8102. Research Methods in Criminal Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
Core course. Assumes prior familiarity with basic methodology and statistics. Prepares students to conduct criminal justice research and evaluation. Covers topics of causality, reliability, validity, and quasi-experimental methods.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8104. Law and Social Order. 3 Credit Hours.
Core Course. Examines moral, practical, legal, and constitutional limitations of law as a means of securing social order. Classes and readings are designed to promote critical analysis of primary (constitutions, statutes, cases) and secondary (legal, philosophical, social science literature) sources of law, with special focus on the role of the Supreme Court in balancing state vs. individual interests and on rules and standards by which the Court's discretion and decision-making can be assessed.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8105. Statistical Issues and Analysis of Criminal Justice Data. 3 Credit Hours.
Core Course. Introduces criminal justice graduate students to simple and multiple regression analyses in criminal justice research. Extended treatment of the detection of non-normal data through the use of graphical and statistical techniques, and the statistical implications of highly non-normal data that are encountered in many areas of criminal justice. Clarifies relations between statistical assumptions, results, and use of results for decision making purposes.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8106. Theories of Crime and Deviance. 3 Credit Hours.
Core Course. The goal of the course is to provide an appraisal of the foundations for understanding criminal behavior. Students read major current and classic works couched at different levels of analyses about the origins of criminal behavior including not only violent and property crime but also delinquency, white collar crime and regulatory violations.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8202. Corrections. 3 Credit Hours.
Analyzes the theory, practices and policies of the American correctional system, covering the nature and administration of both institutional and community sanctions and agencies. Students explore competing penal theories and review evidence on the effectiveness of correctional practices. The course investigates the historical development and evolution of imprisonment, trends in the use of confinement, and the effects of incarceration on offenders, families and communities. Students analyze the characteristics of correctional populations and debate the causes and implications of race, class and gender differences. The course identifies significant current issues and reviews the ethical, legal and practical dimensions of proposals for reform. Note: Prior to fall 2016, the course title was "Correctional Philosophy and Administration."
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8203. Issues in Law Enforcement. 3 Credit Hours.
This course focuses on conceptual models of policing and how they affect operational priorities and resource decisions in law enforcement. Topics include community policing, problem-oriented policing and intelligence-led policing, among others. This is a wide-ranging course that explores policing from an international perspective and through the lens of the varying contentious issues of the day.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8204. Policy and Practice in Juvenile Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
This course is designed to increase the student's understanding of the purposes, structure and processes of this distinctly American invention, the juvenile justice system. Together, we explore its recent development and current policy initiatives that are reshaping its role in our society. We also look at the target of this system: delinquent kids. We examine the juvenile justice system in terms of its underlying aims, its historical foundations, and its sociopolitical contexts, explanations of delinquency, theories of child development, case law, legislation, changes now occurring with respect to its goals, and recent initiatives to increase dependency on scientific evidence of effectiveness. In doing so, we seek to understand the system's limitations, contradictions and strengths. At the same time, we examine the role that research plays in shaping the policies and programs that constitute this system.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8205. Aggression and Violence. 3 Credit Hours.
Students will learn about different types of violence in the United States, including homicide, assault, robbery, family violence, youth violence, drug related violence, and gun- related violence. A three-part, interdisciplinary perspective guides this inquiry: (1) examination of patterns and trends, (2) examination of correlates and causes, including biological, psychological and sociological theories, and (3) investigation of different policy responses to violence. At the conclusion of the course, students should be able to do two things: (1) critically discuss major explanations that have been offered for different kinds of violent behavior, and (2) critically evaluate policies for preventing and controlling specific types of violence.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8222. Simulation Modeling. 3 Credit Hours.
Social organization involves complicated systems, such as organizations, institutions and families - and their component parts. The components of systems frequently interact in a complex fashion. Simulation models offer a useful approach to understanding this complexity. Simulation models allow for the creation of theoretically informed representations of complex dynamic systems. These representations can be used to conduct virtual experiments with the goal of strengthening theories and developing better designs for empirical research. The course covers different types of simulation modeling, but focuses on applications of Agent-Based Modeling. Students will gain experience developing conceptual models and programming simple simulation models.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8223. Risk, Prediction and Classification. 3 Credit Hours.
This course focuses on issues surrounding prediction and classification in criminal justice. We examine different perspectives on risk and danger, risk assessment models, the possibilities of accurate predictions, and the implications (practical, social, ethical) of prediction and classification in criminal justice. These include career criminal models and their repercussions in criminal justice policy, the role of risk assessment instruments in community corrections, inmate classification and release, and others. In addition to these practical applications, we will consider the implications of the increasing salience of the notion of "risk" in public and policy discourse.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8224. Drugs, Crime and Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
This advanced graduate course considers the problems of drug abuse, crime and the justice system's response to drug-related crime. A multidisciplinary perspective is used to analytically and critically explore these issues from social, legal, political, public health, enforcement, and criminological perspectives. Specific topics covered include theoretical explanations for drug abuse, drug legalization and decriminalization, drugs and violence, treatment alternatives to incarceration, public health effects, and mandatory sentencing laws for drug offenders. Readings, papers, and in-class discussions and formal debates are used to further students' understanding of the connections between drug abuse and crime, effective criminal justice responses to drug-related crime, and drug policies.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8225. Rehabilitation, Reentry and Recidivism. 3 Credit Hours.
Numerous prison- and community-based approaches have been developed in recent years to help ex-offenders successfully reintegrate into the community. Promising in-prison approaches include comprehensive risk/needs assessment, drug treatment, cognitive behavioral treatment, vocational and basic education, prison industries, and prerelease planning. Community-based approaches include a wide range of options that provide reintegration assistance and linkages to community social services. In this class, we examine theoretical models of rehabilitation (e.g., principles of effective correctional intervention) and recidivism (e.g., life course and reintegration perspectives), including related research, and we investigate current re-entry initiatives at the national, state, and local levels.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Course Attributes: SI
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8226. Transnational and Global Crime. 3 Credit Hours.
Global criminology is an emerging field covering international and transnational crimes that have not traditionally been the focus of mainstream criminology or criminal justice. This course will examine the diverse dimensions of global and transnational crime. Students will examine and discuss historical and contemporary patterns, modus operandi, capabilities, and vulnerabilities of global and transnational criminals and organizations. Course content includes an introduction to global and transnational crime, a discussion of the "problem" of global and transnational crime, a review of illicit activities of criminal organizations, an examination of the link between transnational crime and harms, and a review of contemporary approaches to combating global and transnational crime. The seminar will include a review of organized crime, corporate crime, cybercrime, and terrorism and war in Europe, Russia, the Middle East, Asia, Africa and The Americas.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8227. Contemporary Issues in Youth Crime: Gangs. 3 Credit Hours.
This course explores the modern urban street gang by investigating the extensive history of theory and research on street gangs. The first half of the course will attempt to answer such questions as: Why do youth and young adults join gangs? Why do they leave? Are street gangs similar to other deviant groups, delinquent networks and/or pro-social groups such as fraternities? The second half of the course will focus on the community response to gangs with a heavy emphasis on comparing and contrasting a variety of "evidence-based" models of gang prevention and intervention. By the end of the semester students will have an in-depth understanding of why the problems of gangs and gang violence remain so intractable today, and will be able to identify a number of areas where theory, research and practice have failed to connect.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8228. Race, Crime, and Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
The strong connection between race and crime in the United States occupies the discourse of media, policy-makers, and scholars, alike. This course considers the examination of race as a central concern for scholars of criminal justice especially in an era of mass incarceration. Specifically, we engage in the following questions: How large are racial and ethnic differences in criminal involvement? How do we theoretically construct and measure race and how do these measurements impact how we understand racial categories and crime? What are the implications of these "facts" on the popular understanding of the race-crime connection? What role do criminal justice apparatuses (police, courts, jails, for instance) play in reproducing and amplifying ideas about race and crime? Using various interdisciplinary theoretical approaches, we examine the complex ways in which race-crime-criminal justice is both a product of societal forces and an "engine" reproducing racial arrangements and power relationships in society.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Course Attributes: SI
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8232. Crime Mapping. 3 Credit Hours.
Spatial distribution of crime and criminals is examined in relation to the geographic processes that influence this distribution. This course involves half seminar and half lab work. Seminars include the structure of geographic information and spatial analysis techniques, alongside spatial theories of crime and how these theories can explain crime patterns. Lab work instructs students in the use of GIS to map and analyze crime events, from the national level down to the city level. The GIS and crime mapping component assumes no prior knowledge of GIS, uses the latest ArcGIS software, and concentrates on crime in the City of Philadelphia. Note: Prior to fall 2016, the course title was "Geographical Perspectives of Crime."
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8233. Communities and Crime. 3 Credit Hours.
This course addresses the connections between features of community, and crime, fear and disorder, at various levels of analysis ranging from the community to the street block. It covers varying theoretical perspectives on these connections, with the aim of educating students in the relative strengths and weakness of these various perspectives. Students learn to apply these various perspectives and tools to case studies and actual locations.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8234. Criminal Victimization and Criminal Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
This course explores the problem of victimization [general vs. criminal], the types of victims [direct vs. indirect; individual vs. collective, etc.], and the harms involved [financial vs. physical vs. mental]. It also examines the fairness and efficacy of a wide variety of preventive, remedial, extra-legal and legal [civil, criminal] responses by society and by the criminal justice system. Emphasis is upon data sets and research studies shedding light upon the levels, correlates, dynamics, and consequences of major forms of victimization, as a basis for critical analysis of victimization theory and existing and potential laws, policies, programs, practices, and technologies for reducing its incidence and impact.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8236. Organized Crime. 3 Credit Hours.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8237. Program Planning and Evaluation in Criminal Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
Program evaluation is the systematic acquisition and assessment of information to provide useful feedback about a program. In other words, program evaluation facilitates improvements in program performance and outcomes. Evaluation also enables policy makers and funding agencies make decisions about continued support of a program or program replication. Students in this course will develop the capacity to develop and produce useful feedback. They will gain a thorough knowledge of the methods of program evaluation, from the point of framing the goals of the evaluation to communicating findings. Topics will include: assessing the evaluability of the program, logic models and theories of change, formative and summative evaluations, experimental and quasi-experimental designs, data sources and data collection, analyzing and interpreting data, reporting findings, the utilization of results, and synthesizing findings across evaluation studies.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8238. Cybercrime. 3 Credit Hours.
Computers and technology have impacted our society tremendously. The fusion of computing and communications has resulted in the creation of cyberspace that transcends the physical domain. Cyberspace is borderless and has a global existence with minimal spatiotemporal constraints, which makes it a difficult medium to regulate. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have enabled conventional crimes to shift online, making them easier to commit; stalking, terrorism, and extortion are now conducted in the parallel dimension of cyberspace. Furthermore, cyberspace has given rise to completely new crimes that are specific to this new spatial configuration. Students will become familiar with the theoretical properties of space, time and movement in cyberspace as well as cyber-physical space. The course will cover how ICTs have impacted the modus operandi, modus vivendi and organizational dynamics of organized crime, terrorism and war. Also covered are the impacts and harms of cybercrimes as well as legal and prevention measures.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8239. Surveillance, Security and Society. 3 Credit Hours.
We live in an era of 24-7 surveillance where, every day, transactions engaged in by individuals generate ever expanding amounts of personal information, including credit card and bank transactions, purchasing histories, location tracking, health information, and information shared on social media. The acquisition, management, analysis, dissemination, and security of these data raise increasingly important issues as they reside on servers and storage media where they can be accessible to commercial enterprises, government agencies, and malicious actors. How do technologies and societies interact to produce security, fear, control, vulnerability, and/or empowerment? How is this interaction changing our social life and our notions of privacy? What are the psychological and emotional impacts of pervasive surveillance? What concerns do these issues raise regarding keeping our data safe from breaches, manipulation, mis/disinformation, and other forms of cyberattacks? Is privacy dead, or will technology develop new ways to safeguard our personal privacy? How can social theory inform our understanding of these developments? This course will answer these questions by drawing on readings from the social sciences, science fiction, and popular media.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8241. Crime and Justice Around the World. 3 Credit Hours.
The United States is known for its "exceptionalism" in crime and justice policy. Is this because Americans are more crime-prone or more punitive people? This course explores critical issues of crime and justice such as penal policies in a comparative, global context. Learning about the different ways other societies deal with problems of crime and justice and how criminal legal systems across the world operate not only will enhance the appreciation for the institutions and practices of other countries, but also will result in a better understanding of the US criminal legal system and a more critical assessment of its policies. We will identify sources of comparative and international crime statistics, examine crossnational variation in crime and global trends, and discuss criminological theories that may explain them. We will examine how and why criminal justice policies vary and how differences are often the result of variation in culture, politics, economics, religion, and social organization. The course will offer valuable insight into the world's philosophies of law and justice and the relationship between the legal systems and the cultural and socio-political-economic contexts in which they operate. We will specifically examine variation in the operation of major criminal justice institutions: law enforcement (policing), courts (adjudication), and corrections (penalization). Lastly, we will address issues of international standards in criminal justice and human rights, including the role of international criminal tribunals (courts) and the complexities of implementing international treaties devoted to the protection of human rights. We will emphasize the US position on such treaties and compare and contrast the US model of constitutional judicial review with those of other democratic nations around the world.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8242. Public Health and Criminal Justice. 3 Credit Hours.
There is substantial overlap between the criminal justice and public health systems. High proportions of offenders have mental health disorders, substance abuse problems, and physical health problems including infectious diseases. Criminological theories do not fully account for the influences of public health issues on initiation and maintenance of, and desistance from, criminal behavior. Understanding the influences of health on crime and the criminal justice system provides a more informed and nuanced consideration of strategies for preventing and controlling crime. Despite the challenges for integrating health services into the criminal justice process, effective health services access has important implications for public safety as well as public health. This seminar covers key aspects of the public health and criminal justice interface including public health theoretical models and frameworks; epidemiology; the relationships between mental health and substance abuse disorders and crime; health services delivery in correctional settings; public health-criminal justice collaborations; public health law; and evidence-based interventions. A multidisciplinary perspective is used to analytically explore these issues from clinical, legal, public health, criminal justice, and criminological perspectives. Students will develop a deeper understanding about the importance of public health perspectives for understanding criminal behavior and the development of more effective crime prevention and crime reduction policies and programs.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8243. Developmental and Life-Course Criminology. 3 Credit Hours.
This course examines crime and antisocial behavior within a developmental and life-course framework. Studying behavior over the life course necessitates an understanding of the complex role that biological, psychological, and sociological forces play in influencing stability and change in human behavior across different developmental periods that include infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. The life-course framework is considered both as a theoretical orientation and as a set of research methods to examine crime and its causes and consequences across the life span.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8245. Implementation Science. 3 Credit Hours.
Despite substantial research on effective interventions and policies in criminal justice settings, there are many gaps in knowledge about how to effectively implement such interventions with fidelity and sustain them over time. Implementation science offers theories, frameworks, measures, and interventions to further our understanding about how staff, organizations, and systems can increase the adoption of innovations, implement them with fidelity, sustain the innovations over time, and improve collaboration and coordination across agencies and systems. This is a crucial need in order to improve criminal justice responses to crime and related social and health problems. This course provides students with the knowledge and practical tools to understand the multilevel influences on program and policy implementation, and to more effectively conduct research that takes these influences into account.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8247. Guns, Crime and Violence. 3 Credit Hours.
This seminar explores the complex interplay between firearms, violence, and gun culture in America, with a focus on how these elements shape and are shaped by public policy. Students will examine the multifaceted impacts of gun violence, the cultural significance of guns, the history of the Second Amendment, the role of firearms in criminal activity, and the social and political debates surrounding gun control. Through an analysis of research, legal frameworks, and empirical data, the course provides a comprehensive look at the impact of gun violence on society and the policies aimed at addressing it. Students will engage in an empirical analysis of a law, policy, or phenomenon relevant to the topic.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8248. Mass Incarceration and Decarceration. 3 Credit Hours.
Beginning in the 1970s, the United States embarked upon a course of policy choices that resulted in an historic and unprecedented expansion of formal social control - a phenomenon we collectively refer to as "mass incarceration." Growth in the numbers of people in prisons and under other forms of criminal justice supervision and control has effected numerous far-reaching structural and cultural changes in American society. These include changes in family structures, changes in the structure of social and economic inequality, and changes to social and governmental processes and institutions. Since the prison population peaked in 2009, the prison population has been falling slowly. However, several states have achieved double-digit reductions in prison populations in the same period - also through a series of policy choices. Just as mass incarceration effected fundamental changes in American society, so will the dismantling of the carceral state. This course examines the creation of and retreat from mass incarceration and the consequences for contemporary criminal justice practice.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8302. Advanced Methods and Issues in Criminal Justice Research. 3 Credit Hours.
Course involves students in hands-on activities allowing them to learn how to conduct and evaluate different types of research approaches commonly used in criminal justice. Course assumes a solid grounding in graduate-level research methods, and strong multivariate quantitative skills. These "learning by doing" activities, ideally organized around a single topic and conducted for a specific client, are complemented by high level discussions of and readings about key ongoing philosophical, pragmatic, and policy related research issues, and how those issues apply to and play out in the fields of criminal justice and criminology.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8305. Advanced Statistical Issues in Criminal Justice Data. 3 Credit Hours.
Focuses on multivariate statistical techniques particularly important in criminal justice research questions. Course may cover multilevel modeling, or other techniques important to the discipline such as time series, clustering, and automatic interaction detection.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may not be repeated for additional credits.
CJ 8310. Special Topics Seminar. 3 Credit Hours.
Special topics in criminal justice research are examined. Special topics courses are developed to cover emerging issues or specialized content and they do not repeat material presented by regular semester courses.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 8320. Seminar in Criminal Justice Policy. 3 Credit Hours.
Special topics in current criminal justice policy are explored. Special topics courses are developed to cover emerging issues or specialized content and they do not repeat material presented by regular semester courses.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 8330. Seminar - Advanced Research Topics. 3 Credit Hours.
Advanced topics in criminal justice and criminological research are explored.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 9082. Independent Study. 1 to 3 Credit Hour.
Permits individualized study of a specific topic in consultation with a faculty member. Not intended as a substitute for any required course.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 9083. Directed Readings. 1 to 9 Credit Hour.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 9991. Directed Research. 1 to 9 Credit Hour.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 9994. Preliminary Examination Preparation. 1 to 6 Credit Hour.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 9996. Thesis Research. 1 to 6 Credit Hour.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 9998. Pre-Dissertation Research. 1 to 6 Credit Hour.
Registration required each semester after Preliminary Examinations while researching the dissertation proposal.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
CJ 9999. Doctoral Dissertation Research. 1 to 6 Credit Hour.
Restricted to students who have passed the Preliminary exams and filed an approved proposal with the Graduate School.
Level Registration Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Levels: Graduate.
Student Attribute Restrictions: Must be enrolled in one of the following Student Attributes: Dissertation Writing Student.
Repeatability: This course may be repeated for additional credit.
